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R4 vs R5 vs R6 vs R9 Copper Mould Tube: What Is the Difference?

Technical Published 28 September 2026 2 min read 48 views
R4 vs R5 vs R6 vs R9 Copper Mould Tube: What Is the Difference?

Buyers often ask which is "better", an R6 or an R9 copper mould tube. The question has no answer, because the R-number is not a quality grade. It is the radius of the continuous casting machine, in metres, and the tube is bent to that radius. The right tube is the one that matches your machine.

What the radius means

A curved billet caster guides the strand along an arc from the mould down to the straightening unit. The mould tube sits at the top of that arc, so its centreline is a segment of a circle with the machine radius:

  • R4 = R4000 mm (157.5 in) — compact casters, small sections
  • R5 = R5000 mm (196.9 in) — small and medium billets
  • R6 = R6000 mm (236.2 in) — the most common billet caster radius worldwide
  • R9 = R9000 mm (354.3 in) — larger billets and blooms
  • R10, R12, R14 and others exist for large bloom and slab machines

Over a 900 mm tube the difference in curvature between R6 and R9 is about 34 mm of offset at the ends. Fitting an R6 tube into an R9 water jacket is physically impossible, and even a small radius error produces uneven shell contact and off-corner cracks.

Which sections go with which radius

RadiusTypical sectionsTypical length
R4000100 × 100, 120 × 120, 130 × 130 mm700–900 mm
R5000100 × 100, 110 × 110, 120 × 120 mm750–900 mm
R6000100 × 100 to 160 × 160 mm, rectangular800–1000 mm
R9000130 × 130 to 200 × 200 mm, bloom sections900–1000 mm

These are the combinations we produce most; the full lists are in the specification tables. Smaller radius machines are cheaper to build but limit section size, because a large section on a tight radius cannot be straightened without cracking.

Copper mould tube drawing showing casting radius dimension
The radius is a dimension on the tube drawing, checked on a radius gauge or CMM.

Does the radius change anything else?

Only the curvature. Copper grade, wall thickness, plating and taper are chosen the same way for every radius. What does change is the machining set-up: the tube is machined straight, bent, then finish-machined on a curved fixture so the taper is measured along the arc. That is why a radius error cannot be corrected after plating.

How to find your radius

  1. Read the marking on the old tube: "130×130×900 R6000".
  2. Check the caster nameplate or the OEM documentation.
  3. Measure the old tube on a surface plate: chord and sagitta give the radius.
  4. Ask us: with the OEM name and machine year we usually know.

Frequently asked questions

Can an R6 tube be bent to R9?

No. The taper and bore are finish-machined in the curved state; re-bending destroys them.

Is a straight (vertical) mould tube R∞?

Yes, vertical and vertical-bending casters use straight tubes; we make those too.

Which radius pages do you have?

Product pages for R4, R5 and R6 with standard sizes, and R9 on request.

Not sure which option fits your caster? Send the caster model, casting speed and the marking on your current tube — our engineer will confirm the specification before quoting.Ask an engineer

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